Material Characteristics and Manufacturing Techniques Interpretation for the Casting Molds from the Silla Urban Site of Hwangnyongsa in Gyeongju, Korea

This study investigates the material characteristics of casting molds found at Silla urban site Hwangnyongsa in Gyeongju to interpret manufacturing techniques mold for bronze used Unified period. The appear be earthen bronze-making, with a thick ceramic wall and are classified into inner outer types. show layered structure, silt layer thinly applied surface. comes contact melted metal during is located on outside inside molds. paste exhibits fine-grained texture bimodal structure. Thin section analysis reveals planar voids paste, which were made by carbonization rice husks as temper firing process. mainly composed very quartz feldspars without clay plant tempers. It estimated that mixing soil tempers minerals husks, applying surface molds, experiencing temperatures below 1,000℃. Overall, selection different raw materials each connected efficiency ensure permeability thermal resistance process easy release object from